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Metrics like BLEU and ROUGE are used to measure accuracy, but they sometimes struggle to capture the full semantic meaning or clinical relevance of a caption.

The field is shifting toward Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to provide better reasoning and generative flexibility. Community Perspectives 126287

A significant portion of the review and subsequent research citing it (like work on uterine ultrasound captioning ) focuses on "computer-aided diagnosis". Key insights include: Metrics like BLEU and ROUGE are used to

The study organizes the "deep image captioning" process by simulating the human experience of describing an image through three specific stages: 126287

“Modern deep learning-based approaches have supplanted traditional approaches in image captioning, leading to more efficient and sophisticated models.” ScienceDirect.com