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Lowers blood calcium levels by promoting calcium storage in bones and reducing absorption in the kidneys. 2. Parathyroid Gland (Paratiroit Bezi) Four tiny glands located on the back of the thyroid. Parathormone (PTH):

Increases blood calcium levels by pulling calcium from bones into the blood and increasing absorption from the intestines and kidneys.

Regulates mineral balance. It increases sodium ( Na+cap N a raised to the positive power ) and water reabsorption while excreting potassium ( K+cap K raised to the positive power ). Deficiency causes Addison’s disease (bronzed skin). 8_endokrin_sistem_tiroit_paratiroit_bobrek_ustu...

The "stress hormone." It increases blood glucose by converting non-carbohydrates (fats/proteins) into sugar.

Iodine deficiency leads to Goiter . Over-secretion causes Graves' disease (high metabolism, bulging eyes), while under-secretion in childhood leads to Cretinism (stunted growth and mental disability). Calcitonin: Lowers blood calcium levels by promoting calcium storage

This guide provides a structured overview of the , specifically focusing on the thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal (bobrek üstü) glands, as outlined in common Turkish secondary or higher education biology curricula. 1. Thyroid Gland (Tiroit Bezi)

Located in the neck area, this butterfly-shaped gland regulates your metabolism and calcium levels. Deficiency causes Addison’s disease (bronzed skin)

Small amounts of sex hormones (estrogen/testosterone). Adrenal Medulla (Öz Bölümü)