: Under the pressure of a potential break, players often hit their first serves faster but decelerate their second serves to avoid double faults.
on grass), second-serve effectiveness remains relatively constant at around , making it a universal vulnerability for potential breaks. break of serve
: A study in Frontiers in Psychology explores the "return of serve" as a qualitative framework, detailing how elite players use kinematic (body movement) and contextual information to break an opponent's serve. : Under the pressure of a potential break,
: Despite trying to play safer, players produce double faults twice as often at break points ( ) compared to regular points ( Other Notable Research Perspectives break of serve
A key academic paper on this topic is by researchers from the University of Vienna and University of Munich.