Chemistry Of The Elements Now

: The energy required to remove an electron increases as you move toward the top right. Chemical Bonding

: Found on the upper right side, nonmetals (like Oxygen or Nitrogen) are often gases or brittle solids and tend to gain or share electrons. Chemistry Of The Elements

: Electrons flow freely among a lattice of metal atoms, giving metals their unique strength and conductivity. : The energy required to remove an electron

: The size of an atom generally increases as you move down a group and decreases as you move left to right across a period. : The size of an atom generally increases

: One atom "steals" electrons from another (e.g., Sodium and Chlorine forming Salt).

: Atoms share pairs of electrons to achieve stability (e.g., Oxygen and Hydrogen forming Water).

Each element is defined by its , which is the number of protons in its nucleus. This fundamental value determines the element's identity and its position in the periodic table. The chemistry of an element is primarily driven by its valence electrons —the electrons in the outermost shell—which dictate how it bonds with other atoms. Major Groups and Trends