The human "immunotype" is shaped by a complex interplay of heritable and non-heritable factors:
The most potent intrinsic driver, causing a shift from precursor-biased (naïve) status to an inflammation-biased status.
B cell subsets and certain antibodies like IgG1 show significant fluctuations based on the time of year. Determining the expected variability of immune ...
Factors such as cohabitation, smoking, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection significantly alter immune composition. CMV alone can affect over 50% of immune parameters in an individual.
Most immune variation is driven by life experiences and environmental exposures. The human "immunotype" is shaped by a complex
Heritability plays a more pronounced role in T cell populations compared to B cells , which are more susceptible to environmental cues. Specific genetic variants (ccQTLs) have been identified that regulate leukocyte counts and contribute to disease susceptibility. Expected Variation in Healthy Adults
Determining the expected variability of immune cell populations is a foundational step in defining a "healthy" immune baseline and identifying clinically relevant anomalies. Research indicates that while an individual's immune profile is remarkably stable over time, there is massive —often spanning several orders of magnitude—among healthy people. Core Drivers of Immune Variability CMV alone can affect over 50% of immune
Studies using high-dimensional flow cytometry and single-cell sequencing show that "healthy" ranges are broader than traditionally thought: