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: Sublethal exposure led to reduced nectar storage and diminished foraging activity, which can lead to colony collapse even if the bees do not die instantly.

The paper investigates how long-term exposure to neonicotinoid insecticides affects bumblebee colonies, specifically focusing on queen mortality and reduced foraging efficiency. Below is a draft and summary of the paper's key findings to help you with your writing. Research Summary: Neonicotinoids and Bumblebee Colonies Download 91573 plus pdf

: While low doses (less than 10 ppb) typical of seed-treated crops did not immediately kill queens, higher doses (20 ppb to 100 ppb) commonly found in ornamental plants and certain spray-treated crops significantly increased queen mortality by the end of the study. : Sublethal exposure led to reduced nectar storage

Compare the survival rates of queens across different dosage groups. Download 91573 plus pdf

: Argue for more stringent regulations on neonicotinoids in landscape and ornamental plants where residue levels often exceed safety thresholds for pollinators.

: These findings highlight that current regulatory assessments may underestimate the risk of systemic insecticides by failing to account for chronic, season-long exposure. Drafting the Long Paper

The study, conducted by Jamison Scholer and Vera Krischik, explored the sublethal effects of imidacloprid and clothianidin on Bombus impatiens (the Common Eastern Bumblebee) over an 11-week period.