Today, only a few groups of fish still possess these primitive scales:
: Each scale consists of three distinct layers: a bony basal layer, a middle layer of dentine (similar to human teeth), and a hard, enamel-like outer layer called ganoine . ganoid fish
: In these species, the scales are often modified into large, bony plates called scutes rather than a full body covering. Today, only a few groups of fish still
: Due to their thick, bony nature, these scales make the fish's body relatively rigid compared to more modern teleost fish. Representative Living Species and a hard
: While technically a ganoid fish, its scales have become significantly thinner and more flexible, resembling the cycloid scales of modern fish. Evolutionary and Cultural Significance