Hostage

: Do not speak unless spoken to and avoid making pleas on your own behalf. If forced to present demands to authorities, clarify they are from the captors.

The psychological toll is extensive and often lasts long after the physical release: Hostage

: Negotiators focus on magnifying positive emotions and understanding the counterpart's rationale, rather than engaging in power struggles. : Do not speak unless spoken to and

: "Listening is the cheapest, yet most effective concession we can make". This involves reflective listening , mirroring , and labeling emotions to build trust. : "Listening is the cheapest, yet most effective

Modern crisis negotiation often uses the "Behavioral-Change Stairway" to move from listening to influence. Key principles include:

: Do not run. Drop to the floor, cross your arms, and obey all instructions. Tense rescuers may interpret sudden moves as threats. Negotiation Techniques