Older females often possess critical information about the location of food and water during rare environmental events like droughts.
In species like elephants and orcas, the presence of mature females reduces aggression within the group and improves the survival rates of calves. mature wild ladies
One "useful paper" that provides deep insight into why "mature" females are critical to wild populations is: Older females often possess critical information about the
Using data from wild killer whales, this paper explains how "mature" females who no longer breed contribute to the survival of their adult sons and daughters, ensuring the continuation of their genetic line without competing for resources. A landmark study on African elephants showing that
A landmark study on African elephants showing that groups with older matriarchs are much better at distinguishing between the calls of friends and strangers, reducing unnecessary stress and energy expenditure for the herd.