Ocean Cpa Method.pdf -

Uses radio waves to track the relative bearing and range of nearby targets.

The minimum distance (usually in nautical miles) between the vessels at the moment of closest approach. Ocean CPA method.pdf

Incorporating Rate of Turn (ROT) and Change of Speed (COS) into AIS-based predictions for more accurate results during maneuvers. Uses radio waves to track the relative bearing

Defining a "safe zone" around a ship rather than a single point. Ocean CPA method.pdf

The perpendicular distance from the own ship to the target's relative motion line. 5. Advanced Refinements