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: The structure was to be topped by a 100-meter statue of Vladimir Lenin , his finger alone measuring six meters.

: Construction halted after the German invasion in 1941. Its steel frame was eventually dismantled to build fortifications and bridges around Moscow.

: The project signaled the end of the Russian Avant-Garde's influence, favoring an "oppressive monumentality" intended to evoke awe and submission. The Weight of Failure

: The winning design by Boris Iofan abandoned modernist "functionalism" for a tiered, wedding-cake aesthetic that defined the "Stalinist Gothic" style.

: Over 160 entries were submitted, ranging from the radical geometric Rationalism of the ARU group to American-style Art Deco skyscrapers.

: The site chosen was that of the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour , which was dynamited in 1931 to make way for the new "secular cathedral". From Avant-Garde to Socialist Realism

: The massive foundation had to support 1.5 million tons of steel and granite on the soft banks of the Moscow River.

If you'd like to dive deeper, we could explore the from the competition or the political purge of architects that occurred during the project's development. To See (Like) a Crowd - Architectural Histories

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