The specific colors observed depend on the altitude and the type of gas involved:
: Rare and usually seen at much higher altitudes, also caused by oxygen . Blue and Purple : Triggered by nitrogen atoms.
: The most common color, produced by oxygen at lower altitudes (around 60–150 miles up).
The journey of the polar lights begins nearly on the Sun.
The , or auroras, are a mesmerizing natural light display caused by the interaction between Earth's magnetic field and charged particles from the Sun . When these particles collide with gases like oxygen and nitrogen in our upper atmosphere, they release energy in the form of vibrant photons, creating shimmering curtains of color. The Science Behind the Glow
: Earth's invisible magnetic shield usually deflects these particles. However, at the poles, the magnetic field lines funnel them down into the atmosphere.
: As these solar particles slam into atmospheric gases, they "excite" the atoms. To return to their normal state, the atoms release this excess energy as photons . A Palette of Atmospheric Colors
: Often result from intense solar storms that excite nitrogen at lower levels. Northern vs. Southern Lights What are the Northern Lights? | Aurora Borealis Explained