Recovering metals from secondary sources like e-waste and waste printed circuit boards is becoming a necessity to meet future requirements.
While China remains the dominant producer, accounting for roughly 97% of the global supply, international efforts aim to diversify supply chains to reduce geopolitical vulnerabilities. Critical Applications in Modern Tech Rare Metal Technology 2019
Rare earth metals (e.g., yttrium, scandium), platinum group metals, gold, vanadium, cesium, and tungsten. Recovering metals from secondary sources like e-waste and
As the industrial demand for REEs grows, especially for carbon-neutral technologies, the focus has shifted toward finding alternative and sustainable sources. platinum group metals
Methods discussed included supercritical fluid extraction and biosorption of precious metals.
Research also highlighted hydrometallurgical schemes for pure copper extraction from waste materials. Strategic & Sustainable Importance