These giants are estimated to be between 30 and 70 years old based on their scale.

For hunters and conservationists, a "mature" deer refers to a dominant buck that has reached his peak antler potential, usually around .

Continuous breeding for high growth and milk output has pushed the breed to these physical extremes.

Mature females typically range from 16 to 18 feet (4.8 to 5.5 meters) , with rare reports reaching up to 20 feet (6 meters) .