The Crucifixion Instant

Death resulted from a combination of factors, primarily asphyxiation (suffocation) as the body's weight made breathing increasingly difficult, as well as hypovolemic shock, dehydration, and organ failure.

It was reserved for the most "disgraceful" individuals, including rebellious slaves, pirates, traitors, and non-citizens.

Executions typically occurred along major roads or near city gates to maximize public visibility and instill fear.