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The , widely known in Jewish tradition as the Tanakh , is a foundational collection of 24 books that serves as the core scripture for Judaism and the historical "Old Testament" for Christianity. It was composed over nearly a millennium, roughly between 1100 BCE and 165 BCE, by various authors, scribes, and editors. Structure: The Tanakh
While tradition often attributes authorship to specific figures (e.g., Moses for the Torah, David for the Psalms ), modern scholarship suggests a more complex process: The Hebrew Bible
A recurring call for ethical behavior over empty ritual, with prophets acting as God's messengers to rebuke social injustice. The , widely known in Jewish tradition as
This is the authoritative Hebrew version of the Tanakh, formalized by Jewish scholars (the Masoretes) between the 7th and 10th centuries CE to include vowel markings and cantillation for accurate reading. This is the authoritative Hebrew version of the
The "Five Books of Moses" ( Genesis , Exodus , Leviticus , Numbers , Deuteronomy ). These cover the creation of the world, the origins of the Israelites, the Exodus from Egypt, and the receiving of the Ten Commandments and other laws.
A diverse collection of 11 books including poetry ( Psalms ), wisdom literature ( Proverbs , Ecclesiastes ), and historical accounts ( Esther , Chronicles ). These explore the human condition, worship, and survival in the diaspora. Key Themes and Theological Concepts
