(2022) | Venus

: A major mission concept paper published in Aerospace detailed the motivation for private and NASA-led missions specifically designed to search for habitability indicators in the clouds.

: Models published in 2022 revealed that Venus's "hot" oxygen corona varies significantly (by a factor of six) based on the solar cycle, explaining why it is most visible during solar maximums. 2. Astrobiology & Habitability Venus (2022)

: Studies began investigating the stability of biochemicals, such as nucleic acid bases and amino acids, within the concentrated sulfuric acid environments of the clouds. 3. Geology & Volcanism : A major mission concept paper published in

2022 marked the beginning of a "new era" for Venus exploration following the selection of several upcoming missions. spanning over 4

Understanding whether Venus is currently volcanically active was a central theme for 2022 geologic papers.

: Numerical modeling work in 2022 proposed updated chemical compositions and interior structure models, suggesting the planet's core and mantle interactions might be more Earth-like than previously thought. 4. Mission Strategy & Navigation

: Researchers successfully tracked a massive "discontinuity" in the middle cloud layer for 109 days. This wave-like feature, spanning over 4,000 km, is thought to be driven by zonal wind changes.